{"id":9281,"date":"2012-12-06T16:47:21","date_gmt":"2012-12-06T07:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/capcold.net\/blog\/?p=9281"},"modified":"2014-07-02T12:24:37","modified_gmt":"2014-07-02T03:24:37","slug":"%ed%95%9c%ea%b5%ad%ec%9d%98-%eb%94%94%ec%a7%80%ed%84%b8%eb%a7%8c%ed%99%94%ec%97%90-%ea%b4%80%ed%95%98%ec%97%ac-%ec%95%99%ea%b5%b4%eb%a0%982013-%ec%a0%84%ec%8b%9c%ed%9a%8c-%ec%b1%85%ec%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/capcold.net\/blog\/9281","title":{"rendered":"\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec On Digital Manhwa [\uc559\uad74\ub8182013 \uc804\uc2dc\ud68c \ucc45\uc790]"},"content":{"rendered":"

!@#… 2013\ub144 \uc559\uad74\ub818 \uad6d\uc81c\ub9cc\ud654\ucd95\uc81c \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654 \ud2b9\ubcc4\uc804<\/a> \ucc45\uc790\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uad6d\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uc5b4 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac08 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c, \ud574\uc678 \ub9cc\ud654\uc560\ud638\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \ub9e4\ub825\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uae00. \ub531\ud788 \uc601\ub9ac\ubaa9\uc801\uc758 \ucc45\uc790\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2cc\ub370\ub2e4\uac00 \ub098\ub984 \ud55c\uad6d \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\uc744\ubc95\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\ub2c8, \uc6d0\ub798 \uc791\uc131\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ubcf8\uc744 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc120\uacf5\uac1c.
\n(2013.3.2.\ucd94\uac00: click for English version<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

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\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uae40\ub099\ud638(\ub9cc\ud654\uc5f0\uad6c\uac00)
\n
\n\uc218\ubc31\ub9cc\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc778\ud130\ub137 \u2018\ud3ec\ud138\u2019 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\ub294 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ub2e4\uc74c \ud654\uac00 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uc5c5\ub85c\ub4dc\ub418\uc5c8\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub300\ud558\uba70 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\uc774 \uc6f9\ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ub9ac\ub85c\ub4dc \ubc84\ud2bc\uc744 \ub204\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4\uac00 \uc0c8 \ud654\uac00 \uc62c\ub77c\uc654\ub2e4\ub294 \uc378\ub124\uc77c\uc774 \ub728\uc790\ub9c8\uc790 \ubc18\uac11\uac8c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uace0, \ub9c8\uc6b0\uc2a4\ub97c \ubc14\uc058\uac8c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uba70 \ud55c \ud654\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ud639\uc740 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uc77d\uace0, \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \ubc11\uc5d0 \uc9e7\uc740 \uac10\uc0c1\uc744 \ub313\uae00\ub85c \ub0a8\uae34\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc778\ud130\ub137\uacfc \ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uad11\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\ub2ec\ub9ac\ub294 \uc18c\uc218 \ub9e4\ub2c8\uc544\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8\ub0e5 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00, \uc9c0\ub09c \uc218\ub144\uac04 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uace0 \uc644\uc131\ub3c4 \ub192\uc740 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\uac00 \uc774\ub7f0 \uacfc\uc815 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ube7c\ub193\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. G\ud39c\uacfc \uc789\ud06c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud0c0\ube14\ub81b\uc774 \ub354 \uc190\uc5d0 \uc775\uc219\ud55c \uc80a\uc740 \ucc3d\uc791\uc778\ub4e4, \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc704\ucd95 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ud130\ub137 \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2e0\uc791\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud615\ud0dc, \uc11c\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45\uc744 \uc0ac\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \uac04\ud3b8\ud558\uac8c \ub208 \uc55e\uc758 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub9b0\uacfc \uc190 \uc548\uc758 \ub2e8\ub9d0\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc778\uae30\uc791\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \uc77d\uace0 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \ub0a8\uae30\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2b5\uad00 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc885\uc8fc\uad6d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc2dd\uc758 \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec \ub118\uce58\ub294 \uacfc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc9c0\uadf9\ud788 \ubb34\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \ub17c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ucc3d\uc791, \uc720\ud1b5, \ud5a5\uc720 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ud1a0\ub85d \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub9cc\ud654 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\ub85c \ub4f1\uadf9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c, [\uc2a4\ub178\uc6b0\ucea3]\uc5d0\uc11c [\uc2e0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8]\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc2ed\uc5ec\ub144\uac04 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uba4b\uc9c4 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc789\ud0dc\ud55c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654 \ud658\uacbd\uc758 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac <\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\uc9f8\ub85c \uc74a\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub9e1\uae30\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uace0, \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc804\uc81c\ub97c \uaf3d\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud574\ubcf4\uc790. \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\uac00 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub9cc\ud654 \uad00\uc2b5\uacfc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4<\/span>. \uae30\uc874 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ucc3d\uc791\uc774\ub4e0 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc774\ub4e0 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uae38\ub85c, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc7ac\ubbf8\ub97c \ub354 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uae38\ub85c \ucd94\uad6c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc5d0 \uacbd\ud0c4\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc628 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\uc775\ud558\uace0, \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc77d\ud788\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ud6d1\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc7ac\ubbf8\ub97c \uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub17c\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc6b0\uc120 \ub9cc\ud654\uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\ubd80\ud130 \ub418\uc9da\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc555\ucd95\ud558\uc790\uba74, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ucd9c\ud310\ub9cc\ud654 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc740 90\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uac70\ub4ed\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 97\ub144 IMF \uad6c\uc81c\uae08\uc735 \uc2dc\uae30 \uc9c1\ud6c4 \ub3c4\uc11c\ub300\uc5ec\uc810\uc758 \uae09\uc99d\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud638\ud669\uc744 \ub204\ub9b0 \uc774\ud6c4, 00\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\ud6c4 \ucd9c\ud310 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd88\ud669\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc704\ucd95\ub418\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ucd1d\ud310\uacfc \ub300\uc5ec\uc810 \uc704\uc8fc\ub85c \uac70\ud488\uc774 \ub07c\uc5c8\ub358 \uc720\ud1b5\uad6c\uc870\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\ub3c4 \ud55c \ubaab\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub41c\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \u2018\ubb38\ud654 \ucf58\ud150\uce20\u2019\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud574\uc11c, \ub4dc\ub77c\ub9c8\uc640 \uc601\ud654 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc6d0\uc791\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc774 \ubd80\uac01\ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc5c5\uccb4(OSP)\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\ud615 \uc0c1\uc5c5BBS\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uace0 \u2018\ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uba70 \uc790\uccb4 \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \ucd95\uc801\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc130\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc810\ucc28 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec \ub098\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc640 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\uc758 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ud0c0 \ub9cc\ud654\ubb38\ud654\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ube44\uc2b7\ud588\ub4ef, \uae30\uc874 \uc720\uba85 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c CD-ROM \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub85c \ud310\ub9e4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1993\ub144 \uac15\ucca0\uc218, \uc2e0\ubb38\uc218 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774 CD-ROM\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uc774\ub798 1996\ub144 \uc774\ud604\uc138\u00b7\ubc15\ubd09\uc131\u00b7\uc774\uc7ac\ud559\u00b7\uace0\uc720\uc131\u00b7\ubc15\uc6d0\ube48 \uc190\uc758\uc131 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774 CD-ROM\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uac70 \ucd9c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\uc640 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758 \uac1c\ub150 \uc5ed\uc2dc 93\ub144\uacbd \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, VideoTeX \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ud654\uae30\ubc18 PC\ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4(Dial-up BBS)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9e7\uc740 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc810\uacfc \uc120\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 90\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ubaa8\ub380 \uc18d\ub3c4\uc758 \uc99d\uac00\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ube44\ud2b8\ub9f5 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\uc5ec \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \ud654\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uac00 \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uae30\uc874 \ub9cc\ud654\ucc45 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uae09 \uc218\uc900 \ud574\uc0c1\ub3c4\ub85c \uc720\ub8cc \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud558\ub294 \uc5c5\uccb4\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc804\ud654\ubaa8\ub380 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 BBS\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30\uc5d0, \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc131\uacfc\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud2b9\uc774\ud55c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc18d\uc131\uc774 \uac15\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 99\ub144\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \uc815\ubd80 \uc815\ucc45 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \ube0c\ub85c\ub4dc\ubc34\ub4dc \uc778\ud130\ub137\uc758 \uac00\uc815 \ubcf4\uae09\uc744 \ud655\ub300\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf9\ubcf5\ubc29\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f7\ucef4\ubc84\ube14\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc2b9\ud55c \uc778\ud130\ub137 \ubca4\ucc98\uae30\uc5c5 \ubd90\uc774 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989 \ube60\ub978 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c PC\ud1b5\uc2e0\uc758 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc704\uc8fc \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc6f9\ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ud658\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ud654\uc0c1 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a5\ub974 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd08\ucc3d\uae30 \uac1c\uc778 \uc6f9\ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc124 \ubd90 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub9ce\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\uc758 \uc7a1\uc9c0\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \u2018\ub370\ubdd4\u2019\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud648\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \uc7a1\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub4dc\ub77c\ub9c8\ud2f1\ud55c \uc7a5\ub974\uc801 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc640 \ucc28\ubcc4\ud654\ub41c, \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \ucde8\ud5a5\uacfc \uc77c\ud654, \uc0c1\ub150\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3bc\uccd0\ub0c8\uace0 \ud070 \ud638\uc751\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \u2018\uc5d0\uc138\uc774\ud230\u2019, \u2018\uacf5\uac10\ud230\u2019 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9b0 \uc774\ub4e4 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc740 \uc885\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc00\ub3c4 \ub192\uac8c \ucc44\uc6cc\uc57c\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc555\ubc15\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098, \uc6f9\ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\uc758 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864\ubc14\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9ac\uba70 \ub290\uc2a8\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\ubc31 \ub118\uce58\uac8c \ubc30\uce58\ub41c \uc5f0\uc18d \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uace4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uc218\ub144\uac04 \uc774 \uc7a5\ub974\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\ud398\ud3ec\ud3ec \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\uc988, \uc2a4\ub178\uc6b0\ucea3, \ub9c8\ub9b0\ube14\ub8e8\uc2a4 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc774 \uac01\uad11\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ud070 \ud788\ud2b8\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc8fc\ub958 \ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc778 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub9cc\ud654 \uacc4\uc5f4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc6f9\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\ub9cc\ud07c \uc81c\uc791\uacfc \uc720\ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub3c8\uc774 \ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \uc791\uac00\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \ud3bc\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad6d\ub0b4 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc778\ub514 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc7a1\uc9c0\uc774\uc790 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \u2018\uc800\uc608\uc0b0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub9cc\ud654 \uc7a1\uc9c0\u2019\ub97c \ud45c\ubc29\ud558\ub358 \ud654\ub048\uc774 \ud798\uacb9\uac8c \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4\uac00 1998\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc62e\uacbc\uc73c\uba70, \uc545\uc9c4, Comix \ub4f1\uc758 \uc778\ub514\uc7a1\uc9c0\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uac1c\uc778 \uc791\uac00\ub098 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801 \uc8fc\ub958 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc7a5\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0\uc790 \ud55c \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc801 \uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. 2000\ub144 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub358 N4, D3C, \ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\ud22c\ub370\uc774, \ucf54\ubbf9\ud50c\ub7ec\uc2a4 \ub4f1\uc740 \uae30\uc874 \ub9cc\ud654\ucd9c\ud310\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc778\ub825\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc791\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uc7a1\uc9c0 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\ub8cc \uc5f4\ub78c\uacfc \ub2e8\ud589\ubcf8 \ud310\ub9e4\uc758 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\uc758 \uc218\uc775\ubaa8\ub378 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc5f4\ub78c \uacb0\uc81c \ub4f1\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ucd9c\ud310\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\ub2e4\ubcf4\ub2c8 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \ub4f1 \ud654\uba74\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc0b4\ub9ac\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc885\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc7ac\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ubdf0\uc5b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub4e4 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc2e0\uc791 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub8cc\uc640 \uc218\uc775\ubc1c\uc0dd \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uaca9\ucc28\ub97c \uba54\uafb8\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0, \uc218\ub144 \ub0b4\ub85c \uae30\uc874 \uc885\uc774\ub9cc\ud654 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2a4\uce94 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ubcf8\uc744 \uc720\ub8cc \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud558\ub294 \uc628\ub77c\uc778-\ub9cc\ud654\ub300\uc5ec\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc5c5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6f9\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654 \ucc3d\uc791\uc758 \uc7a5\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub3cc\ud30c\uad6c\ub294, \uc5c5\uccb4\uac04 \uacbd\uc7c1\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uac01\uc885 \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \ud655\ubcf4 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uac8c \ub41c \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4<\/span>. \uc6d0\ub798 \uc5b8\ub860\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub274\uc2a4\uae30\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e0\ub514\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \uad6c\ub9e4\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc0ac\ub9cc\ud3c9\uc774\ub098 \ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ubc1b\uc544 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud558\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774, \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc139\uc158\uc73c\ub85c \uaca9\uc0c1\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 2003\ub144 \u2018\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub2e4\uc74c\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9e7\uc740 \uc5d0\ud53c\uc18c\ub4dc\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc7a5\ud3b8 \uc5f0\uc18d\uadf9 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uac8c\uc7ac\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \ud070 \ud638\uc751\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ubc14\ub85c \uc21c\uc815\ub9cc\ud654<\/a>\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \uadf8\uac04 \uc5d0\uc138\uc774\ud230 \ub4f1 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc5d0\ud53c\uc18c\ub4dc\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub358 \ub290\uc2a8\ud55c \uce78 \uad6c\uc131\uc758 \uc138\ub85c \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc7a5\ud3b8 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub294\ub370 – \uc7a5\ud3b8 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \uc885\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uad00\ub840\uc600\ub2e4 – \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub300\uc911 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uac70\ubd80\uac10 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\ub2e4(\uc791\ud488 \uc18d\uc131\uc774 \uc5d0\ud53c\uc18c\ub4dc \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc644\uacb0\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud63c\ud569\ud615 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc218\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4). \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc804\ud6c4\ub85c, \uc138\ub85c \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \uc6f9\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc6f9 \uc5f0\uc7ac \ub9cc\ud654\ub4e4\uc5d0 \u2018\uc6f9\ud230\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774 \ubd99\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacbd\uc7c1 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \ub298\ub838\uace0, \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc3d\uc791\uc790\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc774 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uc774 \ucd9c\ud310\uacc4\ub294 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801 \ubd88\ud669\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub838\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc8fc\ub958 \uc7a5\ub974\ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc545\ud654\uc5d0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ub300\ucc98\ubc95\uc744 \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 00\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uc8fc\ub958 \ub9cc\ud654\uc7a1\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc740 \ud310\ub9e4\ub7c9\uc774 90\ub144\ub300 \uc804\uc131\uae30\uc758 \uc218\uc2ed\ub9cc\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uac8c\ub294 \uc218\ucc9c \ubd80 \uaddc\ubaa8\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc9c0\uba85\ub3c4\ub97c \uc783\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc7ac \uc791\ud488 \uc218\ub97c \ub298\ub824\ub098\uac00\ub294 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc139\uc158\uc740 \ucc3d\uc791\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud55c\uaecf \ub04c\uc5b4\ub2f9\uacbc\uace0, [\uc704\ub300\ud55c \ucea3\uce20\ube44](\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub2e4\uc74c 2005 \uc5f0\uc7ac)\uc758 \uac15\ub3c4\ud558, [1001]\uc758 \uc591\uc601\uc21c(\ud30c\ub780 2005 \uc5f0\uc7ac) \ub4f1 \uc885\uc774\ucd9c\ud310\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ub984\ub300\ub85c\uc758 \uc9c0\uba85\ub3c4\uac00 \uc788\ub358 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc644\uc131\ub3c4 \ub192\uc740 \ud788\ud2b8 \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ud55c\uce35 \ub354 \ub3d9\ub825\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd9c\ud310\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uac1c\ubcc4 \uce78\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \uc138\ub85c\ub85c \ud480\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ubc00\ub3c4 \uc788\ub294 \uce78 \uac04 \uc5f0\ucd9c\uc758 \ub9e4\ub825\uc740 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0 \uce78 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uae34\uc7a5\uac10 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\ub85c \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub864\ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uc0bc\uc740 \uc2e0\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\uac70 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\uace0, \ub124\uc774\ubc84, \ud30c\ub780, \uc57c\ud6c4 \ub4f1 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \u2018\ub098\ub3c4 \ub9cc\ud654\uac00\u2019 \u2018\ub3c4\uc804 \ub9cc\ud654\u2019 \ub4f1\uc758 \uac8c\uc2dc\ud310\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c0\ub9dd\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c \uadf8 \uc911 \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uc815\uc2dd \uacc4\uc57d\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\ub2e4. \uc815\uc2dd \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc791\uc740 \uc77c\uc8fc\uc77c\uc5d0 1\ud68c \ub610\ub294 2\ud68c\uc758 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc694\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\uba70, \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud638\uc751\uc744 \uc870\ud68c\uc218\uc640 \ud3c9\uc810, \ub367\uae00 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud3c9\uac00\ud574\uc11c \uc77c\uc815 \uae30\uac04 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc5f0\uc7ac \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uac31\uc2e0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uac00 00\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud1b5\ub85c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\ub3c4 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub098\ub984\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc218\uc775\uc131 \uc545\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucd9c\ud310\uc720\ud1b5\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0(\uc288\uac00, \ud321\ud321, \uc601\ucc54\ud504 \uc678), \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc720\ub8cc \ub9cc\ud654 \uc6f9\uc9c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc3d\uac04 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4. 2005\ub144\uc758 \ucf54\ubbf9\ubc45, 2007\ub144\uc758 \ub9cc\ub07d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc885\uc774\ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc720\uba85 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc791\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uba70 \uc720\ub8cc \uacb0\uc81c\ub97c \ud560 \ub9c8\ub2c8\uc544 \ub3c5\uc790\uce35\uc744 \ubaa8\uc73c\uace0\uc790 \ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc548\ud0c0\uae5d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230 \ucf54\ub108\ub4e4\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\ub418\uba70 \ud788\ud2b8\uc791\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\ub098\uac14\uc73c\ub098, \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 \uacfc\uc810\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4<\/span>. \ub124\uc774\ubc84\uc640 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \ub300\ud615 \ud3ec\ud138\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc139\uc158\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc6d0 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ud070 \ud788\ud2b8\uc791\uc744 \ub0b4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ubc18\uba74 \uc57c\uc2ec\ucc28\uac8c \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc810\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\ub77d\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \ud30c\ub780, \uc57c\ud6c4\ucf54\ub9ac\uc544, \ub124\uc774\ud2b8 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub418\ub294 \uc6f9\ud230\uc740 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub110\ub9ac \uc77d\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud3d0\ub2e8\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc815\ub9bd\ub41c \ud3ec\ud138 \uc911\uc2ec \uc6f9\ud230\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uccb4\uae30\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \ud615\uc2dd \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \ube60\ub978 \ud788\ud2b8\ub97c \ub178\ub9ac\uace0 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc774 \uc591\uc0b0\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc2e0\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uae30\ubcf5\uc81c\ub97c \ud558\uba70 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548, \uadf8 \ud2c8\uc0c8\ub85c \ucd9c\ud310 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub454 \uacbd\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc131 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c4\uc785\ud574 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \ub098\ub984\uc758 \ub3cc\ud30c\uad6c\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\ub294 \uc0c8 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\ud3f0\uacfc \ud0dc\ube14\ub9bf \uae30\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc571\uacfc \uc804\uc790\ucc45 \uc81c\uc791\uc774\ub77c\ub4e0\uc9c0, \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \uc6f9\ud230 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \uacf5\ub7b5\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ud0c0\ud30c\uc2a4\ud2f1<\/a> \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5c5\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud574\uc11c, \uadf8\ub2e4\uc9c0 \uae38\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uc885\uc774\ucd9c\ud310\uc774 \ud574\uc624\ub358 \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9 \ubd80\ubd84, \uc544\ub2c8 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc624\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/span>. \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub77c\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud788\ud2b8 \ub300\uc911\ubb38\ud654 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3ec\ud138 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc139\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc2e0\uc778 \uc791\uac00 \uc9c0\ub9dd\uc0dd\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc911\uacac \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud138\uc774\ub4e0 \uac1c\uc778\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub4e0 \uc6f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud2b9\uc774\ud558\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub9b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \ubcf4\uba70 \uc785\uc18c\ubb38\uc744 \ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc778\uae30\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc740, \ud45c\ud604\uc591\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub531\ud788 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc801 \ubd90\uc744 \ub178\ub9ac\uace0 \ud558\ub8e8\uac00 \uba40\ub2e4\ud558\uace0 \u2018SNS\ub9cc\ud654\u2019, \u2018\ud0ed\ud230\u2019, \u2018\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud230\u2019 \ub4f1 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacf5\ud5c8\ud55c \ub9c8\ucf00\ud305 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774\ub2e4(SNS\ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \ud2b8\uc704\ud130\ub098 \ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ubd81 \ub4f1 \uad00\uacc4\ub9dd\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud2b9\uc774\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\uc7a5\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uba70, \ud0ed\ud230\uc740 \uc0bc\uc131\uc774 \uac24\ub7ed\uc2dc\ud0ed\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud0dc\ube14\ub9bf \uae30\uae30\ub97c \ud64d\ubcf4\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc790\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77d\ub294 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud55c \uc6a9\uc5b4\uace0, \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud230\uc740 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\ud3f0 \ub4f1 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ubaa8\ubc14\uc77c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305 \uae30\uae30\uc5d0 \uc77d\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ub41c \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub2e4). \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \u2018\ucfe8\ud55c\u2019 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub85c \ud3ec\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4 \ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c, \ud55c\uad6d\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \ub098\ub77c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd\uc774 \ubcf4\uae09\ub41c \uacf3\uc774 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, \ub9cc\ud654\uc640 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc591\ucabd\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u2018\ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\u2019\uc758 \uac1c\ub150 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ud2b9\uc0b0\ud488\uacfc\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uba40\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc720\ub3c5 \ud55c\uad6d\uc774 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \u2018\uc6f9\ud230\u2019 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\uac00 \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\uc9f8\uc11c\uc77c\uae4c. \uc6b0\uc120 \ubbf8\uad6d\ub9cc \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uac1c\uc778 \ud648\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bd\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 00\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \ub9ce\uc558\uace0, [\ud398\ub2c8 \uc544\ucf00\uc774\ub4dc]\ub4f1 \ub300\ud615 \ud788\ud2b8\uc791\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6f9\uc744 \ub9cc\ud654 \ucc3d\uc791 \uacf5\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\ub2a5 \uc788\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub118\uccd0\ub098\uc11c, [FLIGHT] \uac19\uc740 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uc5f0\uc791 \ubaa8\uc74c\uc9d1\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d \ub098\uc624\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\uc2a4, \uc77c\ubcf8 \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac1c\uc778 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uac00 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uace0 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud0c1\ub418\uc5b4 \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc624\uace0 \ud788\ud2b8\ub97c \uce58\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc885\uc885 \uc0dd\uae30\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4(2\ucc28\ub300\uc804\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ud328\ub7ec\ub514\ud55c [\ud5e4\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544]\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uba54\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc81c\uc791\ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\uace0, \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uba74\uc11c \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc778\uc2dd\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud070 \ubc18\ubc1c\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4).<\/p>\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc81c\uc791\ube44\ub97c \ud22c\uc790\ud574\uc11c \uc77c\uc815 \uc218\uc900 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ub300\uc911\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8\ub85c \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc7ac \uacf5\uae09\ud574\uc8fc\ub294, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uce58 \uc9c0\uc0c1\ud30c TV\ubc29\uc1a1 \uac19\uc740 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud574\uc900 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac<\/span>\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \ud5a5\ubc29\uc744 \ud0c0\uad8c\uc5ed\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud2c0\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc18c\ube44\uc131 \ub192\uc740 \ub9e4\ub2c8\uc544 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774\ub4e0 \ucd9c\ud310\ubb38\ud654 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucda9\uc131\ub3c4 \ub355\ubd84\uc774\ub4e0 \uc8fc\ub958 \ucd9c\ud310\ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uce35\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c \ud0c0\uad8c\uc5ed\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub300\ub85c\ub294 \ub9dd\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc704\uae30 \uc758\uc2dd<\/span> \uc18d\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc9c0\ub9dd\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc0c8 \ud310\uc5d0 \uc801\uc751\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub7f4 \uac83\uc774, \ub3c5\uc790\ub97c \ub9cc\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc790\uba74 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ucc3d\uc791\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c \uc885\uc774 \uc7a1\uc9c0\ub85c\ub294 \uace0\uc791 \uc218\ucc9c\uc218\ub9cc \ub2e8\uc704\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \uc885\uc774 \uc7a1\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ub124\uc774\ubc84 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uae30\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\ubb38\uc774 \ub0a0 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc8fc\uac04 \ud788\ud2b8\uc218\uac00 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub9c8\uce58 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc8fc\ub958 \ucf54\ubbf9\ubd81 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 DC\uc640 \ub9c8\ube14\uc774 \uc591\ubd84\ud558\ub4ef, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230\uc740 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub124\uc774\ubc84\uc640 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \uc591\ubd84\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ub798\ub294 \uc885\uc774\ucd9c\ud310\uc73c\ub85c \uae34 \uacbd\ub825\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294 \ub300\uc6d0CI \ub4f1 \uae30\uc131 \ub9cc\ud654 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7a1\uc9c0 \ubc0f \ub2e8\ud589\ubcf8 \ucf58\ud150\uce20\uc758 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ub2e4\ub7c9 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \ub0a8\ub140 \ub3c5\uc790\uce35\uc744 \uac01\uac01 \uacf5\ub7b5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc790\uccb4 \uc6f9\uc9c4\uc778 \ube44\ud2b8, \ubbfc\ud2b8 \ub4f1\uc744 2009\ub144\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ub193\uc740 \ub124\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \ud230\ub3c4\uc2dc \ub4f1 \uc81c3\uc138\ub825\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc77c\uad00\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\ud488 \uc120\ubcc4\uc774\ub098 \ud654\uc81c\uc131\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \ub9c8\ucf00\ud305 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc791\uc774 2009\ub144\uc758 47\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c 10\ub144 101\ud3b8, 11\ub144 122\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uace0, \ub124\uc774\ubc84\ub294 2009\ub144 68\ud3b8, 10\ub144 74\ud3b8, 11\ub144 93\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ub298\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc8fc\uac04 \uc5f0\uc7ac \ud69f\uc218\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \ub124\uc774\ubc84\ub294 2011\ub144 \ub9d0\uc5fd \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ucd5c\ub300 137\ud68c, \ub2e4\uc74c 85\ud68c\uc758 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc8fc\uac04 \uc885\uc774\ub9cc\ud654\uc7a1\uc9c0\uc758 \uac8c\uc7ac \ubd84\ub7c9\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc791\ud488\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c 10-15\ud68c \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0c1\uc815\ud560 \ub54c \ucd5c\ub300\ub85c \uc7a1\uc73c\uba74 \uc7a1\uc9c0 22\uac1c\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc591\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ub450 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uac00 \uac01\uac01 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\uac00 \ubc1c\uad74 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac8c\uc7ac\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\uac00\uc9c0\ub9dd\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354\ud558\uba74, \ud3ec\ud138 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230\uc774 \uc2e0\uaddc \ub9cc\ud654 \ucc3d\uc791 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294 \uc8fc\ub958\uc131\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2e4\uac10\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\uc131\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc778\uae30 \uc6f9\ud230\uc774 \uc601\ud654 \ubc0f \ub4dc\ub77c\ub9c8\ub85c \uc774\uc2dd\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc778\ub370, \ucd5c\uadfc 1-2\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud574\ub3c4 \uc774\ub07c<\/a>, [\uadf8\ub300\ub97c \uc0ac\ub791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4], 26\ub144<\/a> \ub4f1\uc758 \uac1c\ubd09\uc791, \uc2e0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8<\/a>, \uc309\ub2c8\ub2e4 \ucc9c\ub9ac\ub9c8\ub9c8\ud2b8<\/a> \ub4f1\uc758 \uc900\ube44\uc791\ub4e4\uc774 \uc990\ube44\ud558\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 [\uc2e0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8]\uc640 \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\uc2a4<\/a>\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ud310\uc7a1\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub9cc\ud654\ub85c \ud604\uc9c0 \uc791\uac00\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub9ac\uba54\uc774\ud06c\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc6f9\ud230\uc774 \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\ub418\uace0 \uc2a4\ud0c0 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc790, \ucf00\uc774\ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4, \ub204\ub8e9\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ub4f1 \uc804\ubb38 \ub9e4\ub2c8\uc9c0\uba3c\ud2b8 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub4e4 \ub610\ud55c \uc0dd\uaca8\ub098\uc11c \uac01\uc885 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ub514\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \uc81c\uacf5 \ubc0f 2\ucc28 \ud310\uad8c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2e0\ubb38\uc0ac\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc548\uc558\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \uc5f0\uc608\/\uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc804\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uc77c\uac04\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\uba38 \ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bd\uacfc \uc778\uae30 \uc7a5\ud3b8 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 70\ub144\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \uba38\ub2c8\ud22c\ub370\uc774\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc139\uc158 \uba38\ud22c\ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\ub294 15-20\uc5ec\ud3b8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc791\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud639\uc740 \uc815\uce58 \uae30\uc0ac \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc885\ud569 \uc77c\uac04\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ud14c\ub9c8\ud615 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uba74\uc11c \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4. \ud55c\uaca8\ub808\uc758 \uc678\ubd80 \ud544\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc124\/\uce7c\ub7fc \uacf5\uac04\uc778 HOOK\u2019\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc790\ub4e4<\/a>, \uacbd\ud5a5\uc2e0\ubb38 \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0bd\uc9c8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300<\/a>\ub4f1\uc774 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub2e8 \uc2e0\ubb38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc11c\uc810 \uc54c\ub77c\ub518\uc758 \uc2ed\uc790\uad70 \uc774\uc57c\uae30<\/a> \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub85c\ub098\ub9c8 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \uc801\uadf9 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud3ec\ud138\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc6f9\ud230 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc7a5\ub974 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uc791\uc9c4\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc740 \uc885\uc774\uc7a1\uc9c0\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc740 \ud3b8\uc774\uc5c8\uae30\uc5d0(\ud2b9\ud788 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc2e0\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uac1c\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc774 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ubaa8\uc544 \uc815\uc2dd \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud0c1\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0), \uc18c\uc7ac\uc640 \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc774 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4. \uc0b4\uc778\uc790\u3147\ub09c\uac10<\/a>\ub958\uc758 \uc2a4\ub9b4\ub7ec, \uc2e0\ud654 \uc7ac\ud574\uc11d\uacfc \uc778\uac04\ub4dc\ub77c\ub9c8\ub97c \uc811\ubaa9\ud55c [\uc2e0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8], \ub2e4\uc774\uc5b4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \ud55c [\ub2e4\uc774\uc5b4\ud130](\uce74\ub77c\uba5c \uadf8\ub9bc\/\ub124\uc628\ube44 \uae00), \uc0d0\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub9e8 \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \uc5f4\ud608\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ub294 \ubcf4\uc558\ub098! \uc9c8\ud48d\uae30\ud68d<\/a>, \uad00\uacc4 \uad00\ucc30\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd80\uc0dd\ud65c \ub9cc\ud654 \uc5b4\ucfe0\uc2a4\ud2f1 \ub77c\uc774\ud504<\/a>, \uc2dd\ud0d0 \uc790\uadf9\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud654\ub41c \uc624\ubb34\ub77c\uc774\uc2a4 \uc7bc\uc7bc<\/a> \ub4f1 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc77c\uc77c\uc774 \uc5f4\uac70\ud558\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4 \uc815\ub3c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \uba85\uc554<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubb3c\ub860 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ubd90 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ud55c\uad6d \ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc7a5\ubbf8 \uc815\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc218\uc775\uc131 \ubc0f \uadf8\uac83\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub41c \ub178\ub3d9\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c<\/span>\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc2dd \uc5f0\uc7ac \uc9c0\uba74\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uba74 \uc77c\uc815 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc77c\uc815 \ubd84\ub7c9 \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \ucc3d\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uac00\ub85c \uacc4\uc57d\uae08\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ucc3d\uc791\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc77c\ucc28\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc775\uc778\ub370, \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \ud788\ud2b8\uc791\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uc801\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc2e0\uc778 \uc791\uac00\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc0dd\uacc4\uc640 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc218\uc785\uc744 \uc5bb\uae30\uac00 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \uc5f0\uc7ac \ud55c \ud68c \ubd84\ub7c9\uc740 \uc885\uc774\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud588\uc744 \ub54c 15\uc7a5 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc18c\uc694\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc8fc 2\ud68c \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \ub9e4 \uc8fc 30\uc7a5 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc81c\uc791\ud574\ub0b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc0b4\uc778\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9 \uac15\ub3c4\ub97c \uc790\ub791\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uad6c\uc0c1\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uacc4\ud68d\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub9ac\ud504\ub85c\ub355\uc158 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0\ub294 \uc218\uc785\uc774 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc870\uac74\uc774\uae30\uc5d0 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ud788\ud2b8\uc2dc\ucf1c 2\ucc28 \uc218\uc785\uc744 \ub178\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \uc885\uc774 \ub2e8\ud589\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uac04\ud558\uc5ec \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc140\ub7ec\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc\uae08 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub418\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc601\ud654\ud654 \ub610\ub294 \uae30\ud0c0 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc774\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub77c\uc774\uc13c\uc2a4\ube44\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub9ce\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uacfc\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uba40\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc778\uae30 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uad11\uace0 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ubcf8 \ucc3d\uc791 \uc774\uc678\uc758 \ubd80\uc5c5\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ub17c\uc758\ub294 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc0c1\ud669\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud654\ub450\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uace0\ub8cc \uc870\uac74\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801 \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uc790\uba74 \ub9cc\ud654 \ucc3d\uc791\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc694\ub418\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\ub7c9 \ub4f1 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\uac74\uacfc \ub300\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\ub860\uc774 \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud558\uba70, \ucc3d\uc791\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uae38\ub4dc \uac19\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9 \uc870\uc9c1 \uacb0\uc131\uc774 \ubbf8\ube44\ud55c \uc2e4\uc815\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub4f1\uae09\uc81c\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac \ubd80\uc2e4<\/span>\uc774\ub2e4. \ud589\uc815\uc758 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6f9\ud230\uc740 \uc885\uc774\ucc45\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ucc98\ub7fc \ucd9c\ud310\ubb3c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uacfc\uaca9\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubbf8\uc131\ub144 \uc811\uadfc \uae08\uc9c0\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc778\ud130\ub137 \uc601\uc0c1\ubb3c\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 \uad00\ub78c \ub4f1\uae09 \ubd80\uc5ec\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ub2e4\uc18c \ud68c\uc0c9 \uc9c0\ub300\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc5c5\uacc4\uac00 \uc790\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\ubd80\uc801 \ub4f1\uae09\uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc18c\ud640\ud588\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uac15\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\ubb18\uc0ac\uac00 \ub2f4\uae34 \ub290\uc640\ub974 \uc2a4\ub9b4\ub7ec\ub098 \uc131\uc778\ucde8\ud5a5 \ud3ed\ub825 \ucf54\ubbf8\ub514\ub97c \uc804\uc5f0\ub839 \uad00\ub78c\uac00\ub85c \uacf5\uac1c\ud574\ub193\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud5c8\uc810\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uadf9\uc6b0\uc801 \uc5b8\ub860\uacfc \uad00\ub8cc\uc801 \ud589\uc815 \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc30\uc744 \ube5a\uc73c\uba70, 2012\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \u2018\uccad\uc18c\ub144 \uc720\ud574\ubb3c\u2019 \uc9c0\uc815\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc18c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub4e4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc6f9\ud230\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\ub85c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud070 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubc1c\uc804\uc911\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ub354\uc6b1 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ucc0d\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \ud734\ub300\ud3f0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc560\ud50c\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ud3f0\uc774 \u2018\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\ud3f0\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub97c \ub300\uc911\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc804\uc778 2002\ub144 \ubb34\ub835\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud734\ub300\ud3f0\uc758 \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc815\ubcf4 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \ud55c \uce78 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc5f4\ub78c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce58 \ucd08\ucc3d\uae30 \uc804\ud654\ubaa8\ub380 PC\ud1b5\uc2e0\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uac00 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub4ef \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uc6a9\ub7c9\uacfc \uc18d\ub3c4, \uacb0\uad6d \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc57d\uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, 2005\ub144 \uc774\ubbf8 KTF(\ud604 KT)\uac00 CP\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 13\uac1c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70 \uc5f0\uac04 \ub9cc\ud654\uc815\ubcf4\ub8cc\uc640 \ud328\ud0b7 \ub9e4\ucd9c \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 100\uc5b5\uc744 \ub118\uae30\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \uac70\ub454 \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

3G \ud1b5\uc2e0\ub9dd\uc774 \ucd18\ucd18\ud558\uac8c \uae54\ub9b0 00\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\ud3f0\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ub41c \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba70 \ud734\ub300\ud3f0 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub294 \ud55c\uce35 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ucabd \ubc29\ud5a5\uc740 SK\uc758 \ud2f0\uc2a4\ud1a0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\ubc29 \uac19\uc774 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc815\ubcf4 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc \uc704\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ucabd\uc740 \ub9cc\ud654 \ub3c5\uc11c\uc6a9 \uc571\uc758 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc774\ud3f0 \uc571\uc2a4\ud1a0\uc5b4 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub178\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc571\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9cc\ud654 \uc804\ubb38 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\uc640 \uc571 \uc81c\uc791\uc0ac\uac00 \uc190\uc744 \uc7a1\uace0 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub2e8\ud589\ubcf8 \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \ud310\ub9e4\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc810\ucc28 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 Ave! Comics, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 Comixology \uac19\uc774 \uc791\ud488\uc758 \uad6c\ub9e4\uc640 \ubcf4\uc874\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc885\ud569 \uc571\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud574\ub098\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc571\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 2009\ub144 \uc560\ud50c \uc544\uc774\ud328\ub4dc\uc758 \ubc1c\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ubd99\uc740 \ud0dc\ube14\ub9bf \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub354\uc6b1 \ucee4\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc560\ud50c\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc790 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\uc791\uae30\uc5c5 \uc0bc\uc131\uc774 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \uc0bc\uc131\uc740 \uac24\ub7ed\uc2dc\ud0ed\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud0dc\ube14\ub9bf \ub77c\uc778\uc5c5\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \u2018\ud0ed\ud230\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \ub9c8\ucf00\ud305 \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc73c\uba70 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc6f9\ud230 \ub9cc\ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ud6c4\uc6d0\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub9cc\ud654\uc640 \uc778\uae30 \uac00\uc218\uc758 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ud611\uc5c5\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\ub4e0\uc9c0 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc640 \uc560\ub2c8\uba54\uc774\uc158 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4\ub4e0\uc9c0 \ud558\ub294 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4(\ubb3c\ub860 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\ub4ef, \uadf8\ub2e4\uc9c0 \uc4f8 \ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4). \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc571\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790\ucc45 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \uc7a5\uc545\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc911\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc571 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc14\uc77c \ub9cc\ud654 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub294 \ub9cc\ud654\uc591\uc2dd \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\ubbfc\ub3c4 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uae30\uc874 \uc5c5\uacc4\uac00 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc801\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc5f4\uc5b4 \ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uad6c\ub9e4\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\ub9e4 \ubc0f \uc5f4\ub78c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \ud3ec\uad04\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\ud654\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uad00\uac74\uc778\ub370, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc774\ud328\ub4dc\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc77c\ucc0c\uac10\uce58 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c \ud588\ub358 \ucf54\ubbf9\uc194\ub85c\uc9c0 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ub420 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc720\ud1b5 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ud569\uc758\uac00 \uc774\ub904\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc571\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654\ucf58\ud150\uce20 \uc720\ud1b5\uc740 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub110\ub9ac \uadf8 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\uac10\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ucd08\ubcf4\uc801 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud06c\uac8c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud55c\uad6d \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc740, \uc9c0\uae08 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc778 \uc6f9\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/span>. \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc6f9\ud230\uc774 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc8fc\ub958\ud654\uac00 \ub418\ub2e4\ubcf4\ub2c8, \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc801 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc740 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ube0c\ub808\uc774\ud06c\uac00 \uac78\ub9ac\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc6f9\ud230\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub418\ub294 \uc791\ud488\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc815\uc801\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654 \uce78\ub4e4\uc744 \uc138\ub85c\ub85c \ubc30\uc5f4\ud55c \uc138\ub85c \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc6f9\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc0bd\uc785\ud558\uae30\ub9cc \ud558\uba74 \ub418\ub294 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc5ec\ud0c0 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\uc11c \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uac04\ub2e8\ud558\uba70, \ub3c5\uc790 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc218\ub144\uac04 \ucd95\uc801\ub41c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc778\uae30\uc791\ub4e4 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc9c4 \ud3ec\ub9f7\uc774\uace0, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud3ec\ud138\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \ub4f1 \ub9e4\uccb4\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc804\uc6a9 \uc194\ub8e8\uc158 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc790\uc0ac\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud06c\ub9b0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ucc3d\ud2c0\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74 \uacf5\uac04 \ubc30\uce58\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubb34\uad81\ubb34\uc9c4\ud55c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9cc\ud654(\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654\uac00 \uc2a4\ucf67 \ub9e5\ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \u2018\ubb34\ud55c \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\u2019\ub85c \uba85\uba85\ud588\ub2e4)\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud45c\ud604\uc801 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370, \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub97c \uc138\ub85c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\ubd99\uc774\ub294 \uac83 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ub9cc\uc871\ud55c \uc148\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc548\uc815\ub41c \uc138\ub85c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc790\ubc14\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud2b8\uc640 html5 \ub4f1\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub3c5\uc790\uac00 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \ub300\ubaa9\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ubc30\uacbd\uc74c\uc545\uc774 \ud758\ub7ec\ub098\uc624\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc548\ub098\ub77c \uc218\ub9c8\ub098\ub77c<\/a>, \ud328\uc158\uc655<\/a>, \ub0a8\uae30\ud55c \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30<\/a> \ub4f1 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uac00 \uc804\uc6a9 \uc0ac\uc6b4\ub4dc\ud2b8\ub799\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc900 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uce35 \uc138\ub828\ub41c \uae30\uc220 \uad6c\ud604\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \ub0a9\ub7c9 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub9cc\ud654 [\uc625\uc218\ub3d9 \uadc0\uc2e0]\uc73c\ub85c, \ud2b9\uc815 \ub300\ubaa9\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uad34\uae30\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc74c\ud5a5\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ubcd1\ub82c\ub41c \uce78\ub4e4\uc744 \uace0\uc18d \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uc5ec \uadc0\uc2e0\uc774 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \ub2e4\uac00\uc640 \uacf5\uaca9\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \uc9c4\ud589\uc758 \ud1b5\uc81c\uad8c\uc744 \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ubc15\ud0c8\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc804\uac1c\uac00 \uacb9\uce58\uba70, \uad6d\ub0b4\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ud654\ud32c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud654\uc81c\ub97c \ubaa8\uc740 \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub7f0 \uac83\uc740 \u201c\ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uae30\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c\u201d \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\ub3c4 \ub123\uace0 \ud074\ub9ad\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc84\ud2bc\ub3c4 \ub123\uc5b4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc7a5\ub09c\uac10\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc2dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc791\ud488\uc758 \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4<\/span>. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\ud604 \uc18d\uc131\uc778 \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc804\uac1c\ub97c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ub824\ub0b4\uc5b4, \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \uc560\ub2c8\uba54\uc774\uc158\uc774\ub098 \uac8c\uc784\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ub9e4\ub825\uc744 \uc0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc778\ud130\uc561\ud2f0\ube44\ud2f0\ub97c \uc790\ub791\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uacf5\ud3ec, \ub354 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uac10\uc815 \ubab0\uc785\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9cc\ud654\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uadfc\uac04\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ucd94\uac00 \uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ud758\ub824 \ub123\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ub2e4. \ud30c\uaca9\uc801 \ud45c\ud604 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \ub611\ub611\ud55c \uac1c\uc778 \uc791\uac00\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub9cc\ud654 \uad8c\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub4e0\uc9c0 \ub098\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801 \ub9cc\ud654 \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc870\uc728\uc740 \uc6f9\ud230\uc774 \uc8fc\ub958 \ub9cc\ud654 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc774\uae30\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc544\uc9c1 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804 \ubc29\ud5a5 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \uc138\uacc4 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc6f9\ud230 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd9c\ud310\ubb3c\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ub41c \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc138\ub85c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc5f0\uc7ac, \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ucde8\ud5a5\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \ud55c\uaebc\ubc88\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub0a0 \uae30\ud68c \ubc0f \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub3c5\uc790\ubc18\uc751\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9e4\ub825\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ub824\ub0b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4. Netcomics\uac00 \ud55c\uad6d \uc774\ucf54\ubbf9\uc2a4\uc758 \uc790\ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc601\uc5b4\ub85c [\uc704\ub300\ud55c \ucea3\uce20\ube44] \ub4f1 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6f9\ud230 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0 \uad00\ub9ac\uc640 \ub9c8\ucf00\ud305 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc544\uc27d\uac8c\ub3c4 \ud070 \ud638\uc751\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4\ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc584\uad82\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub9cc\ud654 \ud32c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95 \uc2a4\uce94\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\uceec\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\ub4ef, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub728\uac81\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804 \ub3d9\ub825\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\ub2e4. \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uace0 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc218\uc775, \ubb38\ud654\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ub9cc\uc871\uac10\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub9cc\ud654\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc885\uc774\ucc45\uc774 \ub2f9\uc7a5 \ub0b4\uc77c \uba78\ub9dd\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\ud558\ud2bc \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ub9e4\uccb4 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c\ub098 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c\uba74, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \uc77c\ucc0c\uac10\uce58 \uadf8 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \uc628 \uac83\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[] \ubd80\ub85d: \uc774 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \uac00\uae09\uc801 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\ub85c \uc77d\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub77c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\ub4ef \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \uc6f9\ud230\uc778 \ub9cc\ud07c, \uadf8\uc800 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac70\uc758 \uacb9\uce60 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc(\ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc6f9\ud230\uc744 \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ub0bc \ub54c \uc7ac\ud3b8\uc9d1\uacfc \uc791\ud654\uc218\uc815, \ub300\uc0ac \uc218\uc815 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uce5c\ub2e4) \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c5\uc11c\uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\ud488 \uba87 \ud3b8\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uad6d\uc5b4\ub85c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\uca54 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uc606\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\uc2dc\uae38.<\/p>\n

*[26\ub144]<\/strong>(\uac15\ud480) – \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uacfc\uac70 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790 \uc804\ub450\ud658\uc740 1980\ub144 \uad11\uc8fc\ub77c\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\ubd80\ub300\ub97c \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ucd1d\uce7c\ub85c \uc9d6\ubc1f\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0ac\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uc8c4\ub97c \uc0ac\uba74 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ud3b8\uc548\ud558\uac8c \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9cc\ud654\ub294 \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc18c\uc911\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\ub358 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ub79c \uc6d0\ud55c\uc744 \uac1a\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud568\uaed8 \ubaa8\uc5ec\uc11c \uc554\uc0b4\uc744 \uacc4\ud68d\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc544\ud514\uc744 \ubcf4\ub4ec\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc815\uc11c\uc801 \uae4a\uc774\uc640 \uce58\ubc00\ud558\uace0 \uae34\uc7a5\uac10 \ub118\uce58\ub294 \uc804\uac1c\ub85c \ud070 \ud788\ud2b8\ub97c \ucce4\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ud3b8\uc9d1\ub41c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \ud638\ud761, \uce90\ub9ad\ud130\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\ucc28\ud558\ub294 \uac10\uc815\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c\uce35 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \uae34\ubc15\ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 \uc791\uc804\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\ub9c9\uc2a4\uac00 \uc77c\ud488\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*[\ubd09\ucc9c\ub3d9 \uadc0\uc2e0]<\/strong>(\ud638\ub791) – \uc774\ubbf8 \uc138\uacc4 \ub9cc\ud654\ud32c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uba70, \ub9cc\ud654\ub97c \uc77d\ub2e4\uac00 \uae5c\uc9dd \ub180\ub77c\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \ucc0d\uc740 \uc720\ud29c\ube0c \ube44\ub514\uc624 \uc601\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc218\uc2ed\ud3b8 \uc62c\ub77c\uc640 \uc788\ub294 \uc791\ud488. \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc758 \ubd09\ucc9c\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub3d9\ub124\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uc774 \uacaa\uc740 \uadc0\uc2e0 \ubaa9\uaca9\ub2f4\uc744 \ub2f4\uc544\ub0b4\ub294\ub370, \uc2dc\uc885\uc77c\uad00 \uc73c\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud55c \ubd84\uc704\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uadc0\uc2e0\uc774 \ub3c5\uc790\ub97c \uc2b5\uaca9\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc77c\ud488\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc218\ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud2b8\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9cc\ud654\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ub3c5\uc790\uac00 \uae30\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \uc21c\uac04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac15\ud0c8\ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \uba87 \ubc88\uc744 \ubd10\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub180\ub77c\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*[\uc548\ub098\ub77c\uc218\ub9c8\ub098\ub77c]<\/strong>(\ud558\uc77c\uad8c) – \uac11\uac11\ud55c \ud559\uad50 \uc0dd\ud65c \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uafc8\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\ud559 \uc785\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub9e4\ub2ec\ub9ac\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uccad\uc18c\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b4\ubc8c\ud55c \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub9c8\ubc95\uc0ac\ub97c \uc790\ucc98\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \ub0a8\uc790\uac00 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0 \ud758\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uba70 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\ub294 \uc9e7\uc740 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801 \uc77c\ud0c8 \ubc0f \uafc8\uc744 \ub418\ucc3e\ub294 \uc131\uc7a5\ub2f4\uc744 \ub2f4\uc740 \uc791\ud488\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9cc\ud654 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc9c4\uacfc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud328\ud134 \ubb38\uc591\ub4e4\uc744 \ud569\uccd0 \ub123\ub294 \uaf34\ub77c\uc96c \uae30\ubc95\uc758 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc740, \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ud3b8\uc9d1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc138\ub85c \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864\uc758 \ud654\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uce35 \uc544\ub984\ub2f5\uac8c \ubc1c\ud604\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc815\uc11c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \uc77d\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\uc5d0 \ud758\ub7ec\ub098\uc624\ub294 BGM \uc74c\uc545 \ub4f1\uc740 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud654\uc758 \uc7a5\uc810\uc744 \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*[\ubb34\ud55c\ub3d9\ub825]<\/strong>(\uc8fc\ud638\ubbfc) – \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \u20181000\uc720\ub85c\uc138\ub300\u2019\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \u201888\ub9cc\uc6d0\uc138\ub300\u2019, \uc989 \ub192\uc740 \uc6d4\uae09\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc88b\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc80a\uc740 \uc138\ub300\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uadf8\ub824\ub0b8 \uc791\ud488. \ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc878\uc5c5\uc744 \uc55e\ub450\uace0 \ub300\uc6b0 \uc88b\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc785\uc0ac \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uacfc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc80a\uc740 \uad70\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774, \ubb34\ud55c\ub3d9\ub825 \uae30\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1c\uba85\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ud55c \uc804\ud30c\uc0c1 \uc544\uc800\uc528\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ud558\uc219\uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud568\uaed8 \uc0b4\uba74\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c \uc77d\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \ub098\ub984\ub300\ub85c\uc758 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud55c \ud574\uc758 \uac01 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \uc77c\ud654\ub97c \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9e7\uc740 \ud638\ud761\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ud3bc\uccd0\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc791\ud488 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uac10\uc744 \ud55c\uce35 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc900\ub2e4. \ub204\uad70\uac00\uc758 \uae30\ub85d\uc744 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \ud55c\ubc88\uc5d0 \ud6d1\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub9c8\uce58 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0b4\uc544\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*[\uc0b4\uc778\uc790\u3147\ub09c\uac10]<\/strong>(\ub178\ub9c8\ube44) – \ud55c \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uccad\ub144\uc774 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud788 \uc0b4\uc778\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc54c\uace0\ubcf4\ub2c8 \uc0b4\ud574\ud55c \uadf8 \ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub294 \uc8fd\uc5b4 \ub9c8\ub545\ud55c \uadf9\uc545\ud55c \ub098\uc05c \uc9d3\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uc740\ud3d0\ud558\ub824\ub2e4\ubcf4\ub2c8 \ub610\ub2e4\ub978 \uc0b4\uc778\uc744 \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ud53c\ud574\uc790 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub098\uc05c \ub188\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud788\ub3c4 \uccad\ub144\uc758 \uc8c4\ub97c \uc99d\uba85\ud560 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc99d\uac70\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9e4\ubc88 \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801 \uc0b4\uc778\uc774 \uac70\ub4ed\ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud55c \uc0b4\uc778\ub9c8 \uccad\ub144, \uadf8\ub97c \ucad2\ub294 \ud615\uc0ac, \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ub2e8\uc8c4\uc790\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0b4\uc778\ub9c8 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc5bd\ud600\ub098\uac04\ub2e4. \uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb35\uc9c1\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4, \uc774 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud55c \uc2a4\ub9b4\ub7ec\ub97c \uadc0\uc5ec\uc6b4 \uadf8\ub9bc\uccb4\uc758 \uc774\ub4f1\uc2e0 \uce90\ub9ad\ud130\ub4e4\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc1c\ud568\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uccb4\ub294 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ud754\ud55c \u2018\uc5d0\uc138\uc774\ud230\u2019 \ubd80\ub958\ub97c \uc5f0\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\uc5d0 \uc628\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77d\uc744 \ub54c \ub354\uc6b1 \uadf8 \uad34\ub9ac\uac00 \uc12c\ub729\ud55c \uc7ac\ubbf8\ub97c \uc900\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub77c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5ee\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubcd1\ub82c \ubc30\uce58, \uce58\ubc00\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \ubcf5\uc120 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub118\uce58\ub294\ub370 \uc774 \ub610\ud55c \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub098\uc058\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2a4\ud06c\ub864\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a0 \ub54c \ub354 \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* \uc54c\ub9bc: \ubcf8 \uae00\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\ucf58\ud150\uce20\uc9c4\ud765\uc6d0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ubcf4\uace0\uc11c \u2018\uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \ucc28\uc138\ub300 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654\uc218\uc775\ubaa8\ub378 \uc5f0\uad6c\u2019(2010), \ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc601\uc0c1\uc9c4\ud765\uc6d0 \uc815\ub840\uc790\ub8cc\uc9d1 \u2018\ud55c\uad6d\ub9cc\ud654\uc5f0\uac10 2012\u2019(2012, \uadfc\uac04) \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub41c \ud544\uc790\uc758 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uc791\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/em><\/p>\n

— Copyleft 2012 by capcold<\/a>. \uc774\ub3d9\ubd88\uac00(2013\ub144 2\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0)\/\uc218\uc815\uc790\uc720\/\uc601\ub9ac\ubd88\uac00 —    [\ubd80\ub514 \uc774\uac83\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac19\uc774 \ud37c\uac00\uc2dc\uae38]<\/p>\n

=======================
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Added on 3.2.2013.<\/ins> This is the English version* of the article, originally intended to be a chapter of the book on Korean comics(Manhwa) published alongside the Angouleme 2013 exhibition.<\/p>\n

(*note: the draft translation was done by someone else hired by the exhibition team, but it required extensive do-over by me. Especially, they deleted whole paragraphs out from the original script which described the weaknesses and labor issues… in this version I reinstated them, but I don’t know if it will make it into the book).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Digital Manhwa <\/h2>\n

Nakho Kim (media researcher)<\/p>\n

Every day, millions of people click the reload button unceasingly on their favorite comics websites wondering if the next installments are finally here. When the \u2018updated\u2019 thumbnail pops up, they frantically move their mice, scroll through the page, love it or hate it, and leave short comments underneath. This is not the reading pattern of some geeks deep into the Internet and comics. It\u2019s the average Korean comic reader. Furthermore, in the past few years, some of the most exciting and well-made Korean manhwa titles were born this way.<\/p>\n

When talking about Korean manhwa today, it is impossible to leave the word \u2018digital\u2019 out of it. Young artists are more familiar with tablet PCs than a G-pen and ink; more and more new comics are serialized on websites of online content services while paper magazines are stuck in a long-standing atrophy; and readers feel more comfortable browsing their PCs and mobile devices and leaving instant comments than visit brick-and-mortar comic book stores. With the whole world being fascinated by the digital media, it would be pointless to brag that Korea is the daddy of all digital comics. However, it is safe to argue that a similar case to Korean digital manhwa scene is currently hard to find, where digital methods of creation, distribution, and reading has so swiftly become the mainstream of the whole industry. To better understand the great works of manhwa from the last decade ranging from \u201cSnowcat\u201d to \u201cWith the Gods\u201d, we should definitely take a deeper look into the various circumstances of digital manhwa.<\/p>\n

A Digital History<\/strong><\/p>\n

I won\u2019t go through every detail of the history of digital media in Korea, but it is still worth remembering that new things are rarely really \u201cnew\u201d \u2013 they are evolved extensions based on existing practices and people. Digital manhwa is no exception. It aimed to overcome some hardships of existing industries and creative efforts, and to come up with better ways to entertain today\u2019s readers in their current media environments. To understand the current popularity of digital manhwa can be best done by looking into how it came about.<\/p>\n

To discuss the progress of digital manhwa in Korea, we need to look at the manhwa industry in general. Growth in the dead-wood manhwa industry grew steadily up to the mid 1990\u2019s, and reached its peak with the increase of rental shops immediately after the financial crisis and IMF bailout in 1997. After the mid-2000s, the industry started to go downhill as the publishing market in general shrunk. The temporary market bubble that was created from the distribution structure of regional comics whole-sellers and rental shops finally burst as well. On the other hand, comics\u2019 value as cultural content has actually increased, and providing story material for films and TV shows. At the same time, online service providers in Korea transformed themselves from commercial BBS systems to so-called portal sites, and rushed into stockpiling all kinds of original content. It included digital manhwa.<\/p>\n

Similar to the cases of other countries, the first contact between Korean manhwa and the digital was in the form of CD-ROMs. Existing works were transferred into digital data and sold on optical discs. After the CD-ROM anthologies of famous artists such as Kang Chul-soo and Shin Moon-soo appeared in 1993, discs collecting the works of Lee Hyun-se, Park Bong-sung, Lee Jae-hak, and Sohn Eui-sung poured out in 1996. Separate from that movement was another flow that lead to manhwa being distributed through digital networks from 1993 \u2013 namely, VideoTeX and Dial-up BBS. Short comic strips were converted into vector dots and lines and sent over the slow network. In the late 1990s, modems with increased speed could transmit bitmap images that could be viewed immediately, and new companies started to let you view manhwa in a barely readable (but readable) resolution for a small payment. Because the dial-up BBS service based on phone lines were unable to provide a speed required for reasonable multimedia contents, their attempt was more of a novelty service than a full-fledged business model.<\/p>\n

From the late 90s on, South Korean government strongly pushed policy initiatives to raise home broadband penetration rates. Furthermore, Internet startups became a huge trend amidst the dotcom bubble, as a way to overcome the Asian economic crisis of that era. Text-based BBS services changed swiftly into multimedia webpages, and the comics form which is basically built on visual images also jumped in. In the early days when there was a boom of building and showing off personal webpages, many artists displayed their works on their sites instead of debuting through traditional magazines. Instead of sticking to the dramatic genre stories that serial magazines preferred, many of them flourished with their individual tastes, anecdotes, and ideas. Unsurprisingly, they were addressing different audiences than comics magazine readers and became wildly popluar. Called \u2018essay-toons\u2019 or \u2018sympathy toons\u2019, they escaped the pressure of having to fill up a page by uploading loosely-configured drawings with ample margins that simply required scrolling. \u201cPape Popo Memories\u201d by Shim Seung-hyun, \u201cSnowcat\u201d\u2019 by Kwon Yoon-ju, and \u201cMarine Blues\u201d by Jeong Chul-yeon were some of the many big hits. The indie scene also paid attention to the online, to fill a niche mainstream manhwa could not satisfy. Production and marketing costs on the web wasn\u2019t as high as it was with paper magazines, so they could be as artist-centric as they want and still deliver it to the audiences. For that reason, the first Korean indie mahwa magazine \u2018Hwakkeun\u2019 transformed itself to an webzine in 1998. Other indie magazines like \u2018Akzine\u2019 and \u2018Comix\u2019 soon followed.<\/p>\n

It was only natural that the mainstream industry also attempted to jump in as well. Commercial manhwa service sites such as \u2018N4\u2019, \u2018D3C\u2019, \u2018Comics Today\u2019, and \u2018Comic Plus\u2019 were established in 2000 and recruited prominent comics artists to serialize their new works. Some introduced a freemium model where readers read the serialization for virtually free and the real profit comes from selling printed books. Others charged directly in small increments for their comics. But due to the motivation to publish the works on paper someday, most works were done with regular paper page layout rather than making use of the screen such as scrolling through an infinite page. Since most of those services couldn\u2019t fill the cost gap between the manuscript fees for the artists and the meager revenues of that time, over the next few years they changed their business into online manhwa rental shops simply serving scanned books for a fee.<\/p>\n

The real breakthrough of digital manhwa came from the portal sites, which were in a harsh competition. In the initial years, all the comics you could read on those sites were political cartoons and comic strips from syndicated newspaper contents. But soon, they expanded the comics page to its own section. \u2018Media Daum\u2019 greatly appealed to fans as they started to serve long-form manhwa serializations instead of short jokes, the first being \u201cSoonjung Manwha\u201d by Kang Full. It made use of the ample margins and borderless panels designed to do a lot of scrolling as often found on episodic \u2018essay-toon\u2019 strips, but still succeeded in engaging readers into its longer elaborate story structure. It was very well received by the public.<\/p>\n

Around this period, Korea\u2019s publishing market was still suffering a long recession. Especially the mainstream manhwa genre was struggling to find an effective way out. The most popular magazines sold several hundreds of thousand copies in the peak of the 90s, but shrunk to as small as meager thousands of copies losing their popularity as a medium. Accordingly, manhwa sections of portal sites were the go-to place for comics artists, both new and established. Artists already prominent in the industry made big hit online serializations (now called \u2018webtoons\u2019) such as \u2018The Great Catsby\u2019 (Kang Do-ha, Media Daum, 2005), \u20181001\u2019 (Yang Young-soon, Paran, 2005) that helped the digital manhwa scene gain even more momentum. Those cartoonists focused on reorganizing the comic book layout into vertical strips. Although that lessened the experience of reading pages filled with intensely elaborate panel layouts, the scrolling made the viewing somewhat dramatic as the story was gradually revealed panel by panel.<\/p>\n

A number of new faces who viewed these artists as role models came onto the stage. Portal sites such as \u2018Naver\u2019, \u2018Paran, and \u2018Yahoo!\u2019 held competitions for aspiring artists on bulletin boards such as \u2018I\u2019m a Cartoonist Too\u2019 and \u2018Best Challenge\u2019 where winners were given the opportunity to serialize their work and getting paid for it. Each official serialization was updated once or twice a week on a predefined weekday, and contracts were extended based on the number of views, favorable votes, and positive comments left by the readers.<\/p>\n

Since the late 2000s, serializing on portal sites became the main outlet for manhwa, but other digital attempts were still being made. For one, magazines were giving up due to worsening profitability and transferred online (\u2018Sugar\u2019, \u2018Pang Pang\u2019, \u2018Young Champ\u2019, etc) to launch pay-per-view comic \u2018webzines\u2019. \u2018Comic Bang\u2018 of 2005 and \u2018Mankick\u2019 of 2007 gathered new works of famous authors and tried to build a business model from their strong fanbases in the hopes they would be loyal enough to pay. Too bad they turned out to be unsuccessful.<\/p>\n

Webtoons on portal sites were becoming more and more mainstream, but were affected by the oligarchy of the portal industry. Works released on the two major portal sites (\u201cNaver\u201d and \u201cDaum\u201d) were easily met with a huge audience to become hits, while works serialized in smaller portal sites were not so successful regardless of the actual quality. Also, along with the quick mainstreaming of webtoons, some of them became formulaic just as quickly. No more new experimentations with better expressions and layout fit for the screen, but simply lay out the panels in a straight vertical line. Write stories of light jokes, fantasy worlds and cookie-cutter characters of the past successful works. However, while some newcomers were busy following success formulae, several established artists (e.g. Yoon Tae-ho, Lee Choong-ho and many others) made the switch to the online and reinvented a lot of expressive skills.<\/p>\n

Recently, there have been attempts to expand the platform of online manhwa. Mobile apps and e-books were developed to optimize webtoons for smart phones and tablet PCs. Service providers such as \u2018Tapastic\u2019 are now attempting to target the world market with webtoon-style manhwa that were successful in Korea.<\/p>\n

Online manhwa in Korea took over many, if not most, of the functions of printed material over a short period. Serializations become popular hits online, and there is nothing unusual about a rookie or established artists to present their works on the Internet. Above all, it became natural for readers to read manhwa on the screen over the Internet, and make them popular hits by spreading the word online. Another milestone that somehow proves the mainstream position of digital manhwa in the comics industry in Korea is that people don\u2019t stop inventing new buzzwords for it. Every business wants rebrand their stuff with a new cool name – smart-toon, tab-toon, SNS manhwa or whatever. This kind of (somewhat artistically meaningless) competition for becoming the next big thing is proof of popular interest in Korea.<\/p>\n

Webtoon Nation<\/strong><\/p>\n

South Korea is not the only country with a well-established online network, and certainly not the only country with people highly interested in both comics and digital technology. The concept of \u2018portal sites\u2019 is far from being unique to Korea. So why did webtoon-style digital comics become mainstream in Korea like in no other country? In the US in the early 2000s, many cartoonists serialized their comic strips on their personal homepages and some were mega hits such as \u201cPenny Arcade\u201d. They lead to printed anthologies as well, such as the \u201cFLIGHT\u201d books. The same goes for France and Japan, where there are online hit series.<\/p>\n

However, Korean portal sites invest in producing serial manhwa with a broad appeal in a way that likens them to TV broadcasting stations. This put Korean webtoons in a position different to those of online cartoons in other parts of the world. Many comics industries of other countries still had a reasonable fanbase, whether as loyal book-buyers or collectors. But Korean comics artists had to adapt quickly to the new online trend or risk becoming obsolete with the publishing sector, especially the comics magazines, crushing down. In terms of reaching out, a paper magazine can reach tens of thousands of people at most. But when a webtoon becomes famous on a portal site like Naver, an episode can hit millions of views in one week.<\/p>\n

Much like USA\u2019s comic book market largely covered by the Big Two (DC and Marvel), Korea\u2019s online ccomics market has been covered by Naver and Media Daum. Accomplished publishers such as Daewon Culture Industry Inc. are providing online contents of books and magazines with their own webzines \u2018Beat\u2019 and \u2018Mint\u2019 that appeal each to men and women, and now Nate has joined the fray by setting up \u2018Toon City\u2019 in 2009, but have yet to come up with a success story. On the other hand, Media Daum released 47 new series in 2009, 101 in 2010, 122 in 2011. Naver released 68 titles in 2009, 74 in 2010, and 93 in 2011. When counting weekly updates of installments, at the end of 2011 Naver uploaded up to 137 episodes weekly and Daum did 85. Considering a printed weekly magazine carries 10~15 series with single installments, the total of both portal sites corresponds to a maximum of 22 magazines. Add to that the number of works uploaded by aspiring artists, it is not hard to realize just how much the portal sites acts as the mainstream outlet for new works.<\/p>\n

Another aspect that shows how mainstream webtoons have become is the fact that they are adapted into films or TV shows. In the past couple of years, \u2018Moss\u2019 by Yoon Tae-ho, \u2018I Love Thee\u2019 and \u2018 26 Years\u2019 by Kang Full were turned into films, and \u2018With the Gods\u2019 by Ju Ho-min, and \u2018It\u2019s Cheap at Chullima Mart\u2019 by Kim Kyu-sam are in the works. \u2018With the Gods\u2019 and Nasty Cat\u2019s \u2018Trace\u2019 were remade by Japanese manga artists and published in Japanese mainstream magazines. When webtoons became mainstream and authors became celebrities, professional management enterprises such as K-Comics and Nulook Media were established and took charge of providing syndicates to various online sites and managing copyrights.<\/p>\n

Newspapers opened up their online sites to webtoons. Daily papers that focus on entertainment and sports news have printed humor comic strips and longer serial manhwa since the 1970s and carried on this tradition to the Internet. One of them, Money Today, has a whole section dedicated to 15~20 series. Also some more serious newspapers also built blogs dedicated to comics serialization. For example, Hankyoreh serialized \u2018The Insiders\u2019 by Yoon Tae-ho on Hook, a blog specifically for external writers, and Park Kun-woong\u2019s \u2018The Era of Shoveling\u2019 appeared on Kyunghyang Daily\u2019s blog \u2018Cross\u2019. Not only newspapers but various online bookshops also serialize manhwa on their sites and Kim Tae-kwon\u2019s \u2018Crusader Story\u2019 on the online bookstore Aladin.com is an example.<\/p>\n

Serializing manhwa through portal sites put the artists under less pressure from editors about the genre and content compared to printed magazines. This was especially the case when the title of an amateur artist became a hit and officially debuted through a site. There was also much more room to explore different themes and styles. Thrillers like \u2018Murderer Toy\u2019 by Nomabi; \u2018With the Gods\u2019 that integrated human drama with reinterpreted myths; \u2018Dieter\u2019 by NeonB (writer) and Caramel (illustrator) that was about dieting; \u2018Have You Ever Heard Us! Hurricane Inc\u2019 by Molrakinsaeng about passionate and zealous businessmen; \u2018Acoustic Life\u2019 by Nanda about a married couple\u2019s relationship; and \u2018Omelet Jam Jam\u2019 by Jo Kyung-kyu about enjoying food. There are just too many examples.<\/p>\n

More possibilities<\/strong><\/p>\n

Digital manhwa in Korea has already opened a new era by mainstreaming webtoons, yet it is not a rose garden. Gaining enough revenues for the original artists still needs a long way to go, and so are the labor issues that accompany them. Except for the bestselling top artists, many artists cannot make a decent living out of their serializations alone. Pay-per-view models are in its baby steps for the big portal sites, and ad revenue sharing is missing. It takes several months of pre-production during which the artists do not get paid, and during the serialization they have to draw vast amounts of pages (or panels, since the page concept is vague on the screen) every week. Organized efforts to improve the conditions such as building a comics artist guild are virtually non-present.<\/p>\n

Another problem is the censor and rating system. Webtoons are being monitored not as books but as Internet screen content, which is strictly required to zone \u2018mature content.\u2019 With clear and reasonable guidelines either missing or changing on a whim, there have been several clashes between the authorities and artists on which works to mark as \u2018harmful to minors\u2019.<\/p>\n

However, more and more efforts are being made to expand the popularity and market for digital manhwa. One direction is to provide manhwa through many different digital platforms. The earliest attempt was to let readers read with their mobiles phones. Since 2002, long before Apple\u2019s iPhone popularized the smart phone category, there already was a service that let readers view cartoons per cut with their multimedia IT service. Just like the dial-up phoneline PCs of the early days, its weak point was the limited capacity and speed. But in 2005, KTF(now KT) made a significant commercial achievement by reaching annual sales of 10 billion Won through its 13 Content Providers serving hundreds of titles.<\/p>\n

Since the stabilization of the 3G network and generalization of smart phones in the mid-2000s, a more aggressive approach was taken. On one side, mobile service provider SK\u2019s T-Store offers a multi-IT service much like supplying online comics. On the other side, applications for comic books are being developed. The earlier applications for the iPhone were collaborations between comic book publishers and app developers and reserved for specific titles. Now they have become more like store and reader in one package, similar to Comixology in the US.<\/p>\n

The interest in manhwa applications increased greatly with the release of Apple\u2019s iPad that boosted the growth of the tablet PC category. Korea\u2019s Samsung, Apple\u2019s competitor, took on the challenge. Samsung released the Galaxy Tab line and started a marketing campaign around the word \u2018tabtoon\u2019. They supported some cartoonists and came up with interesting gimmicks like combining their works with a famous K-pop singer\u2019s song, or adding animated effects to cartoons that looked like printed pages. Now portal sites are also attempting to enter the electronic book market as well. There are still major tasks left such as establishing common open standard for file formats, but the speed of the development is promising.<\/p>\n

However, the most considerable potential for development is still the web. Because webtoons became commercially mainstream so quickly, there wasn\u2019t much time to experiment more possibilities. Most webtoons are still pictures in vertical layout so the reader has to scroll down. It\u2019s easier for the readers to be accustomed to because most beloved webtoons has been like this for years. For the portal sites, it\u2019s easier this way without having to do extra coding. Many artists, portal sites and readers were content enough with this kind of simple vertical scrollers, which explores only a fraction of the vast possibilities of the infinite canvas (a term coined by Scott McCloud in his book \u201cReinventing Comics\u201d).<\/p>\n

But even within the relatively boring vertical scroller sector, some artists are experimenting with Javascript and HTML5 for more expressions. For example, there are works that play music when you reach a certain panel. Ha Il-kwon\u2019s \u2018Annara Sumanara\u2019 and Gian84\u2019s \u2018Fashion King\u2019, \u2018Turning Nam Ki-han Into an Elite\u2019 by Mitty provide soundtracks specially composed for the manhwa. A more refined technical format was adopted in horror manhwa \u2018Bongchun-dong Ghost\u2019. When you reach a certain panel, the vertically-arranged panels automatically speed up playing an eerie sound, giving the impression that a ghost is actually moving toward you. But what is most intriguing and scary was not simply the animation effect, but the feeling that suddenly something has taken away the complete control of the reading experience that you expect from reading comics. It became an international hit, although most of them did not know enough Korean to understand what the story was about.<\/p>\n

These approaches aim to genuinely improve the comics experience, rather than just doing what is technologically possible. It\u2019s not to boast about interactivity but make use of new techniques to enhance the spatial flow of panels. Any brilliant artist in any part of the world can carry out an excessive or unconventional experiment, but to gradually add elements and test the waters with an actual mainstream audience is best done when webtoons are mainstream in the first place such as in Korea.<\/p>\n

So that\u2019s the story so far. The hottest and most dynamic field of Korean manhwa now is digital and online. Well-made manhwa drawn to be read online are mainstream, satisfying its readers. The publishing industry won\u2019t disappear any time soon (and I hope they don\u2019t ever), but it can be safely predicted for all the places in the developed world that the online will be the first go-to place to look for good comics in the future. Well, that future is already today, or even yesterday in Korea.<\/p>\n

Welcome to the future.<\/p>\n

[Appendix] Read these Manhwa. Preferably, Online.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obviously, some manhwa which were originally serialized online are best read in its original form, rather than as printed books they were adapted into (i.e. partly redrawn, with new layouts of panels). Sorry they\u2019re not available in multiple languages. You might have to get a Korean-speaking friend first.<\/p>\n

\u201826 Years<\/em>\u2019 by Kang Full
\nIn 1980, Korean ex-dictator Jeon Do-hwan mobilized the military into the city of Kwangju and trampled the citizens who were demanding democracy. Due to political circumstances, he was pardoned and still lives in peace. This manhwa is about a group of ordinary people who gather to plan an assassination to avenge the loved ones they lost that day. It was a huge hit with emotional depth, tension, and thrills. When you read it online, you will identify with the emotions felt by the characters. The climax is especially great because the scrolling causes a tense delaying effect that you can control.<\/p>\n

\u2018Bongcheon-dong Ghost<\/em>\u2019 by Horang
\nThis manhwa is already well-known and gained more fans through You Tube when videos of reactions to the ghost scene were posted. The story is a collection of episodes experienced by an inhabitant of Seoul\u2019s Bongcheon-dong. The mood is consistently haunting mood and the amazing climax is when the ghost suddenly attacks. It\u2019s not merely about adding special effects that make the ghost move, it\u2019s about taking away your control of the scrolling. It will scare you over and over.<\/p>\n

\u2018Annara Sumanara<\/em>\u2019 by Ha Il-kwon
\nSchool life is boring when you have no dreams or vision and your only duty is to hit the books to enter college. One day a man calling himself a real magician comes to the village and the children\u2019s lives turn upside down as they experience fantastic illusions. By using collage techniques and mixing photographs, patterns and shapes with the cartoonized panels, the visuals are simply stunning. The music that flows at crucial moments is the highlight.<\/p>\n

\u2018Perpetuum Mobile<\/em>\u2019 by Ju Ho-min
\nThe so-called \u2018880,000 Won generation\u2019 describes the youngsters who can\u2019t get a job that pays a decent salary (similar to Europe\u2019s \u20181000 Euro generation\u2019). The protagonist is about to graduate college and is preparing for the entrance exam of a prestigious company. This is a story about him, his roommates, and their landlord who aims to invent a machine that generates infinite power. Although the book is just as engaging, the online version incorporated incidents that were happening around the time it was being uploaded and that adds to the feeling of reality. You\u2019re not reading about someone\u2019s past, you\u2019re living their present.<\/p>\n

\u2018Murderer Toy<\/em>\u2019 by Nomabee
\nAn ordinary man murders by chance, but it turns out the victim was a vicious man who deserved to die. The accidental murderer kills again while trying to cover up his first murder and realizes his second victim also had it coming. All the evidence that points to this murderer are destroyed in accidents. The manhwa is about an accidental murderer, the detective who is chasing him, another murderer who thinks he is a judge, and their intertwined relationship. Despite the story being a serious one, the characters are cute, with heads that take up half their height. This is common in \u2018essay-toons\u2019 and the eerie discrepancy adds to the fun. There are visual double-track spillovers and parallel arranging to knit the various storylines together. It\u2019s not bad on paper, but it reveals more when you scroll little by little.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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